Most important scientific discoveries
We asked 10 models: The most important scientific discoveries in history: findings about how nature works, not inventions, technologies, or practices such as the wheel, fire, or vaccination.
Each named its own top 10.
- Agreement between models
- 49%
- Same model, run twice
- 73%
- Different picks
- 21
When agreement between models is well below a model's agreement with itself, the split reflects real differences in taste rather than randomness.
The consensus
Each cell is the position that model gave the pick; blank means it left the pick off. Click a row for each model's reasoning.
| # | Pick | Score | Listed by | Claude Haiku 5.5 | GPT-6 Luna | Gemini 4 Argon | Qwen 3.8 Flash | DeepSeek V4 Pro | GLM-5.3 | Kimi K3 | MiniMax M3 | Mistral Large 4 | Nemotron 3 Ultra |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Natural selection | 10/10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
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| 2 | Germ theory of disease | 10/10 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 5 | |
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| 3 | Heliocentrism | 8/10 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 8 | |||
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| 4 | Universal gravitation | 8/10 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 7 | |||
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| 5 | General relativity | 7/10 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | ||||
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| 6 | DNA structure | 8/10 | 10 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | |||
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| 7 | Quantum mechanics | 6/10 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | |||||
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| 8 | Atomic theory | 6/10 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |||||
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| 9 | Cell theory | 5/10 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 10 | ||||||
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| 10 | Plate tectonics | 5/10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 6 | ||||||
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| 11 | Electromagnetic induction | 5/10 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 8 | ||||||
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| 12 | Laws of thermodynamics | 6/10 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 9 | |||||
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| 13 | Periodic table | 3/10 | 10 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||
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| 14 | Special relativity | 3/10 | 5 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||
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| 15 | Conservation of energy | 2/10 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||
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6 lower-scoring picks are not shown; every ballot below lists them in full.
Most divisive
Picks most models listed, at very different positions
- Germ theory of disease#2 for Mistral Large 4 #10 for MiniMax M3
- Heliocentrism#1 for Claude Haiku 5.5 #9 for Gemini 4 Argon
- DNA structure#2 for GLM-5.3 #10 for Claude Haiku 5.5
Hot takes
Picks that appear on only one ballot
- DNA as hereditary material at #5, only DeepSeek V4 Pro
- Wave-particle duality at #7, only Gemini 4 Argon
- Laws of motion and universal gravitation at #9, only GLM-5.3
- Big Bang theory at #10, only Nemotron 3 Ultra
Every ballot
Hover a pick to find it on the other ballots. Marked picks appear on no other ballot.
Claude Haiku 5.5
- Heliocentrism
- Universal gravitation
- Germ theory of disease
- Natural selection
- Special relativity
- Quantum mechanics
- Cell theory
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Electromagnetic induction
- DNA structure
GPT-6 Luna
- Heliocentrism
- Natural selection
- Germ theory of disease
- Universal gravitation
- Atomic theory
- Electromagnetism
- Relativity
- Plate tectonics
- Quantum mechanics
- Laws of thermodynamics
Gemini 4 Argon
- Natural selection
- Universal gravitation
- Germ theory of disease
- DNA structure
- Electromagnetic induction
- General relativity
- Wave-particle duality
- Atomic theory
- Heliocentrism
- Periodic table
Qwen 3.8 Flash
- Natural selection
- General relativity
- Universal gravitation
- Heliocentrism
- Atomic theory
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Germ theory of disease
- Special relativity
- DNA structure
- Cell theory
DeepSeek V4 Pro
- Natural selection
- Cell theory
- Germ theory of disease
- Periodic table
- DNA as hereditary material
- Atomic theory
- Plate tectonics
- Electromagnetic induction
- Relativity
- Laws of thermodynamics
GLM-5.3
- Natural selection
- DNA structure
- Heliocentrism
- Germ theory of disease
- Universal gravitation
- Atomic theory
- General relativity
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Laws of motion and universal gravitation
- Plate tectonics
Kimi K3
- Natural selection
- General relativity
- Quantum mechanics
- DNA structure
- Heliocentrism
- Germ theory of disease
- Universal gravitation
- Plate tectonics
- Electromagnetism
- Electromagnetic induction
MiniMax M3
- Natural selection
- Heliocentrism
- Quantum mechanics
- General relativity
- Conservation of energy
- Cell theory
- DNA structure
- Universal gravitation
- Special relativity
- Germ theory of disease
Mistral Large 4
- Natural selection
- Germ theory of disease
- DNA structure
- General relativity
- Quantum mechanics
- Plate tectonics
- Atomic theory
- Heliocentrism
- Conservation of energy
- Cell theory
Nemotron 3 Ultra
- Natural selection
- DNA structure
- General relativity
- Quantum mechanics
- Germ theory of disease
- Periodic table
- Universal gravitation
- Electromagnetic induction
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Big Bang theory
Who agrees with whom
Overlap between two models' lists, weighted toward the top · 100 means identical · Color runs from 28 (lightest) to 78 (darkest)
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | GPT-6 Luna | Gemini 4 Argon | Qwen 3.8 Flash | DeepSeek V4 Pro | GLM-5.3 | Kimi K3 | MiniMax M3 | Mistral Large 4 | Nemotron 3 Ultra | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | 71 | 48 | 43 | 29 | 43 | 31 | 44 | 32 | 28 | |
| GPT-6 Luna | 71 | 48 | 51 | 44 | 57 | 41 | 46 | 44 | 33 | |
| Gemini 4 Argon | 48 | 48 | 63 | 55 | 70 | 61 | 49 | 68 | 64 | |
| Qwen 3.8 Flash | 43 | 51 | 63 | 46 | 68 | 72 | 62 | 57 | 60 | |
| DeepSeek V4 Pro | 29 | 44 | 55 | 46 | 52 | 44 | 42 | 57 | 51 | |
| GLM-5.3 | 43 | 57 | 70 | 68 | 52 | 65 | 60 | 69 | 72 | |
| Kimi K3 | 31 | 41 | 61 | 72 | 44 | 65 | 73 | 72 | 78 | |
| MiniMax M3 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 62 | 42 | 60 | 73 | 61 | 62 | |
| Mistral Large 4 | 32 | 44 | 68 | 57 | 57 | 69 | 72 | 61 | 74 | |
| Nemotron 3 Ultra | 28 | 33 | 64 | 60 | 51 | 72 | 78 | 62 | 74 |