Greatest scientists

We asked 10 models: The greatest scientists in history. Each named its own top 10.

Agreement between models: 91%
Same model, run twice: 94%
Different picks: 18

When agreement between models is well below a model's agreement with itself, the split reflects real differences in taste rather than randomness.

The consensus

Each cell is the position that model gave the pick; blank means it left the pick off. Click a row for each model's reasoning.

#	Pick	Listed by	Claude Haiku 5.5	GPT-6 Luna	Gemini 4 Argon	Qwen 3.8 Flash	DeepSeek V4 Pro	GLM-5.3	Kimi K3	MiniMax M3	Mistral Large 4	Nemotron 3 Ultra
1	Isaac Newton	10/10	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Claude Haiku 5.5 (#1) Laws of motion and universal gravitation reshaped physics and mathematics together. GPT-6 Luna (#1) Unified terrestrial and celestial mechanics and transformed mathematics and physics. Gemini 4 Argon (#1) Laid the foundations for classical mechanics, universal gravitation, optics, and calculus. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#1) Founded classical mechanics and calculus; shaped science itself. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#1) Unified physics with calculus and laws of motion; single greatest scientific leap. GLM-5.3 (#1) Unified mechanics, gravitation, and optics; founded modern physics and calculus. Kimi K3 (#1) Unified celestial and terrestrial mechanics; invented calculus; unmatched scientific revolution. MiniMax M3 (#1) Universal gravitation, calculus, and classical mechanics unified physics. Mistral Large 4 (#1) Laws of motion and gravity laid the foundation for modern physics. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#1) Founded classical mechanics and calculus
2	Albert Einstein	10/10	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Claude Haiku 5.5 (#2) Relativity theories transformed our understanding of space, time, and gravity. GPT-6 Luna (#2) Revolutionized concepts of space, time, gravity, and the physical universe. Gemini 4 Argon (#2) Revolutionized modern physics with general relativity and contributions to quantum theory. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#2) Relativity redefined space, time, and gravity forever. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#2) Redefined space, time, and gravity; relativity reshaped modern physics. GLM-5.3 (#2) Relativity transformed space, time, and our understanding of the universe. Kimi K3 (#2) Relativity transformed space, time, gravity, and energy; iconic theoretical breakthroughs. MiniMax M3 (#2) Revolutionized physics with relativity, reshaping space, time, and energy. Mistral Large 4 (#2) Theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and energy. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#2) Revolutionized physics with relativity
3	Charles Darwin	10/10	3	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
Claude Haiku 5.5 (#3) Natural selection provided the unifying framework for all of biology. Gemini 4 Argon (#3) Transformed biology by establishing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#3) Evolution by natural selection unified all of biology. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#3) Natural selection explained the origin and diversity of all life. GLM-5.3 (#3) Evolution by natural selection unified all biology. Kimi K3 (#3) Natural selection explained all life's diversity; biology's unifying foundation. MiniMax M3 (#3) Evolution by natural selection transformed biology and human self-understanding. Mistral Large 4 (#3) Theory of evolution by natural selection transformed biology and our view of life. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#3) Established evolution by natural selection GPT-6 Luna (#4) Established evolution by natural selection as biology’s unifying framework.
4	Galileo Galilei	10/10	5	3	4	4	4	6	4	4	4	5
GPT-6 Luna (#3) Pioneered experimental physics and helped establish modern astronomy. Gemini 4 Argon (#4) Pioneered the scientific method and observational astronomy, ushering in modern science. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#4) Father of modern observational science and the scientific method. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#4) Founded experimental science and proved heliocentrism through observation. Kimi K3 (#4) Pioneered experimental method and telescopic astronomy; father of modern science. MiniMax M3 (#4) Pioneered experimental method and modern astronomy against ancient authority. Mistral Large 4 (#4) Father of modern observational astronomy and experimental science. Claude Haiku 5.5 (#5) Pioneered experimental method and observational astronomy, founding modern science. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#5) Father of modern observational astronomy GLM-5.3 (#6) Father of modern science; combined experiment with mathematics and astronomy.
5	Marie Curie	10/10	6	5	5	7	5	4	6	6	5	4
GLM-5.3 (#4) Pioneered radioactivity; won two Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#4) Pioneered radioactivity research, two Nobel Prizes GPT-6 Luna (#5) Pioneered radioactivity research and made landmark discoveries in physics and chemistry. Gemini 4 Argon (#5) Discovered polonium and radium, pioneering crucial research on radioactivity across two disciplines. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#5) Pioneered radioactivity research; first double Nobel winner in two sciences. Claude Haiku 5.5 (#6) Discovered radioactivity's basis and two elements, opening nuclear and medical physics. Kimi K3 (#6) Discovered radioactivity and two elements; only person with Nobels in two sciences. MiniMax M3 (#6) Pioneered radioactivity research and won two Nobel Prizes in sciences. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#7) Pioneered radioactivity; only person with Nobels in two sciences.
6	James Clerk Maxwell	10/10	4	6	6	5	6	5	5	5	8	7
Claude Haiku 5.5 (#4) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light into one elegant set of equations. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#5) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light; basis of modern physics. GLM-5.3 (#5) Electromagnetism equations unified light, electricity, and magnetism. Kimi K3 (#5) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light; enabled all modern electromagnetic technology. MiniMax M3 (#5) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light into electromagnetic theory. GPT-6 Luna (#6) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light in foundational equations. Gemini 4 Argon (#6) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light into a single foundational electromagnetic theory. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#6) Unified electricity and magnetism; equations underpin all electromagnetism. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#7) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light Mistral Large 4 (#8) Unified electricity, magnetism, and light into elegant electromagnetic theory.
7	Louis Pasteur	10/10	7	7	7	6	8	7	7	10	7	8
Qwen 3.8 Flash (#6) Germ theory and vaccines saved countless millions of lives. Claude Haiku 5.5 (#7) Founded germ theory and developed vaccines and pasteurization. GPT-6 Luna (#7) Transformed microbiology and medicine through germ theory and vaccination. Gemini 4 Argon (#7) Proved the germ theory of disease and developed life-saving vaccines and pasteurization. GLM-5.3 (#7) Germ theory and pasteurization revolutionized medicine and saved millions. Kimi K3 (#7) Germ theory and vaccines revolutionized medicine; saved countless lives. Mistral Large 4 (#7) Germ theory and vaccines saved countless lives and founded microbiology. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#8) Established germ theory, vaccination, and pasteurization; saved millions. Nemotron 3 Ultra (#8) Founded microbiology and germ theory
8	Nikola Tesla	7/10			10		7	9	8	9	6	6
Nemotron 3 Ultra (#6) Mastered alternating current and electromagnetism DeepSeek V4 Pro (#7) Revolutionized alternating current and electromagnetic technology.
9	Michael Faraday	7/10	9	9	8	8	10			7		9
MiniMax M3 (#7) Founded electromagnetism and electrochemistry with fundamental experimental discoveries. Gemini 4 Argon (#8) Discovered electromagnetic induction, enabling the practical use of electricity in modern technology. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#8) Electromagnetic induction powered the entire electrical age. Claude Haiku 5.5 (#9) Discovered electromagnetic induction and laid groundwork for electric technology. GPT-6 Luna (#9) Discovered electromagnetic induction and laid foundations for electrical technology.
10	Niels Bohr	6/10		10	9	9	9	8	10
GLM-5.3 (#8) Founded quantum theory and atomic structure; shaped modern physics. Gemini 4 Argon (#9) Made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory. Qwen 3.8 Flash (#9) Quantum atomic model reshaped our understanding of matter. DeepSeek V4 Pro (#9) Quantum model of the atom and foundational quantum mechanics contributions. GPT-6 Luna (#10) Advanced quantum theory and reshaped understanding of atomic structure. Kimi K3 (#10) Founded quantum mechanics' interpretation; atomic model transformed physics and chemistry.
11	Aristotle	2/10		8							9
GPT-6 Luna (#8) Shaped scientific inquiry across biology, physics, and numerous other fields.
12	Nicolaus Copernicus	2/10	10							8
MiniMax M3 (#8) Heliocentric model launched the scientific revolution in cosmology.
13	Antoine Lavoisier	1/10	8
Claude Haiku 5.5 (#8) Established conservation of mass and modern chemical nomenclature.
14	Alan Turing	1/10							9
No reasons recorded.
15	Archimedes	1/10				10
Qwen 3.8 Flash (#10) Ancient genius in geometry, mechanics, and hydrostatics.

3 lower-scoring picks are not shown; every ballot below lists them in full.

Most divisive

Picks most models listed, at very different positions

James Clerk Maxwell#4 for Claude Haiku 5.5 #8 for Mistral Large 4
Louis Pasteur#6 for Qwen 3.8 Flash #10 for MiniMax M3
Nikola Tesla#6 for Mistral Large 4 #10 for Gemini 4 Argon

Hot takes

Picks that appear on only one ballot

Antoine Lavoisier at #8, only Claude Haiku 5.5
Alan Turing at #9, only Kimi K3
Archimedes at #10, only Qwen 3.8 Flash
Dmitri Mendeleev at #10, only GLM-5.3
Leonardo da Vinci at #10, only Mistral Large 4
Max Planck at #10, only Nemotron 3 Ultra

Every ballot

Hover a pick to find it on the other ballots. Marked picks appear on no other ballot.

Claude Haiku 5.5

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
James Clerk Maxwell
Galileo Galilei
Marie Curie
Louis Pasteur
Antoine Lavoisier
Michael Faraday
Nicolaus Copernicus

92% with consensus · 98% self-consistent

GPT-6 Luna

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Galileo Galilei
Charles Darwin
Marie Curie
James Clerk Maxwell
Louis Pasteur
Aristotle
Michael Faraday
Niels Bohr

94% with consensus · 95% self-consistent

Gemini 4 Argon

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
Marie Curie
James Clerk Maxwell
Louis Pasteur
Michael Faraday
Niels Bohr
Nikola Tesla

98% with consensus · 98% self-consistent

Qwen 3.8 Flash

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
James Clerk Maxwell
Louis Pasteur
Marie Curie
Michael Faraday
Niels Bohr
Archimedes

94% with consensus · 96% self-consistent

DeepSeek V4 Pro

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
Marie Curie
James Clerk Maxwell
Nikola Tesla
Louis Pasteur
Niels Bohr
Michael Faraday

98% with consensus · 96% self-consistent

GLM-5.3

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Marie Curie
James Clerk Maxwell
Galileo Galilei
Louis Pasteur
Niels Bohr
Nikola Tesla
Dmitri Mendeleev

93% with consensus · 94% self-consistent

Kimi K3

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
James Clerk Maxwell
Marie Curie
Louis Pasteur
Nikola Tesla
Alan Turing
Niels Bohr

97% with consensus · 95% self-consistent

MiniMax M3

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
James Clerk Maxwell
Marie Curie
Michael Faraday
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nikola Tesla
Louis Pasteur

94% with consensus · 91% self-consistent

Mistral Large 4

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Galileo Galilei
Marie Curie
Nikola Tesla
Louis Pasteur
James Clerk Maxwell
Aristotle
Leonardo da Vinci

95% with consensus · 87% self-consistent

Nemotron 3 Ultra

Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Marie Curie
Galileo Galilei
Nikola Tesla
James Clerk Maxwell
Louis Pasteur
Michael Faraday
Max Planck

94% with consensus · 89% self-consistent

Who agrees with whom

Overlap between two models' lists, weighted toward the top · 100 means identical · Color runs from 88 (lightest) to 97 (darkest)

	Claude Haiku 5.5	GPT-6 Luna	Gemini 4 Argon	Qwen 3.8 Flash	DeepSeek V4 Pro	GLM-5.3	Kimi K3	MiniMax M3	Mistral Large 4	Nemotron 3 Ultra
Claude Haiku 5.5		88	92	93	90	91	93	92	88	90
GPT-6 Luna	88		94	90	92	88	90	88	90	88
Gemini 4 Argon	92	94		96	97	93	95	94	94	92
Qwen 3.8 Flash	93	90	96		93	91	95	94	90	88
DeepSeek V4 Pro	90	92	97	93		93	96	93	95	94
GLM-5.3	91	88	93	91	93		93	90	90	93
Kimi K3	93	90	95	95	96	93		94	93	91
MiniMax M3	92	88	94	94	93	90	94		90	89
Mistral Large 4	88	90	94	90	95	90	93	90		94
Nemotron 3 Ultra	90	88	92	88	94	93	91	89	94